Or"tho- (?). [Gr. &?; straight; akin to Skr. &?;rdhva upright, vrdh to grow, to cause to grow.]
1. A combining form signifying straight, right,
upright, correct, regular;
as, orthodromy, orthodiagonal, orthodox, orthographic.
2.
(Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), designating: (a) (Inorganic
Chem.) The one of several acids of the same element (as the phosphoric acids), which actually occurs with the greatest number of hydroxyl groups; as, orthophosphoric acid. Cf. Normal.
(b) (Organic
Chem.) Connection with, or affinity to, one variety of isomerism, characteristic of the benzene compounds; --
contrasted with meta- or para-; as, the ortho position; hence, designating any substance showing such isomerism; as, an ortho compound.
&fist; In the graphic representation of the benzene nucleus (see Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), provisionally adopted,
any substance exhibiting double substitution in adjacent and contiguous carbon atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 4 &
5, etc., is designated by ortho-; as, orthoxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of two carbon atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4, 3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by meta-; as, resorcin or metaxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution in opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5,
3 & 6, by para-; as, hydroquinone or paraxylene.
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