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Berkanan

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 This article contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes.
Name Proto-Germanic Anglo-Saxon Old Norse
*Berkanan Beorc Bjarken
"birch" "birch"/"poplar"? "birch"
Shape Elder Futhark Futhorc Younger Futhark
Unicode á›’
U+16D2
 ᛓ
U+16D3
Transliteration b
Transcription b
IPA [β] [b] [b], [p]
Position in rune-row 18 13

*Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b rune á›’, meaning "birch". In the Younger Futhark it is called Bjarken in the Icelandic rune poem and Bjarkan in the Norwegian rune poem. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem it is called beorc ("birch" or "poplar"). The corresponding Gothic letter is ðŒ± b, named bairkan.

The letter shape is likely directly based on Old Italic B ðŒ, whence also the Latin letter B.

The rune is recorded in all three rune poems:

Rune Poem:[1] English Translation:

Old Norwegian
Bjarkan er laufgrønstr líma;
Loki bar flærða tíma.


Birch has the greenest leaves of any shrub;
Loki was fortunate in his deceit.

Old Icelandic
Bjarkan er laufgat lim
ok lítit tré
ok ungsamligr viðr.
abies buðlungr.


Birch is a leafy twig
and little tree
and fresh young shrub.

Anglo-Saxon
Beorc byþ bleda leas, bereþ efne swa ðeah
tanas butan tudder, biþ on telgum wlitig,
heah on helme hrysted fægere,
geloden leafum, lyfte getenge.


The poplar bears no fruit;
yet without seed it brings forth suckers,
for it is generated from its leaves.
Splendid are its branches and gloriously adorned
its lofty crown which reaches to the skies.

[ See also

[ References

  1. ^ Original poems and translation from thee Rune Poem Page.


Runes See also: Rune poems · Runestones · Runology · Runic divination v • d • e
Elder Fuþark: áš  ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ áš± áš² áš· áš¹ ᚺ áš¾ ᛠᛃ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ á› á›’ á›– á›— ᛚ ᛜ ᛞ ᛟ          
Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc: áš  ᚢ ᚦ áš© o áš± áš³ c áš· È áš¹ áš» áš¾ ᛠᛄ ᛇ eo ᛈ ᛉ x ᛋ á› á›’ á›– á›— ᛚ ᛠᛞ ᛟ Å“   ᚪ a áš« æ ᚣ y á›  ea
Younger Fuþark: áš  ᚢ ᚦ ᚬ Ä… áš± áš´     áš¼ áš¾ á› á›… a       ᛋ á› á›’   ᛘ ᛚ       ᛦ Ê€        
Transliteration: f u þ a r k g w · h n i j ï p z s · t b e m l ŋ d o
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